10-Q 1 d10q.htm QUARTERLY REPORT Quarterly Report
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2008

Commission File Number 001-33653

 

 

LOGO

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Ohio   31-0854434

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

Fifth Third Center

Cincinnati, Ohio 45263

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (513) 534-5300

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer   x    Accelerated filer   ¨
Non-accelerated filer   ¨    Smaller reporting company   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

There were 577,529,636 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, without par value, outstanding as of June 30, 2008.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

LOGO

INDEX

 

Part I. Financial Information

  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Item 2)

  

Selected Financial Data

   3

Overview

   4

Recent Accounting Standards

   5

Critical Accounting Policies

   6

Statements of Income Analysis

   10

Business Segment Review

   17

Balance Sheet Analysis

   23

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk (Item 3)

  

Risk Management – Overview

   28

Credit Risk Management

   29

Market Risk Management

   36

Liquidity Risk Management

   38

Capital Management

   39

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

   40

Controls and Procedures (Item 4)

   42

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes (Item 1)

  

Balance Sheets (unaudited)

   43

Statements of Income (unaudited)

   44

Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited)

   45

Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

   46

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

   47
Part II. Other Information   

Legal Proceedings (Item 1)

   70

Risk Factors (Item 1A)

   70

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds (Item 2)

   70

Exhibits (Item 6)

   71

Signatures

   72

Certifications

  

This report may contain forward-looking statements about Fifth Third Bancorp and/or the company as combined acquired entities within the meaning of Sections 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Rule 175 promulgated thereunder, and 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 3b-6 promulgated thereunder, that involve inherent risks and uncertainties. This report may contain certain forward-looking statements with respect to the financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business of Fifth Third Bancorp and/or the combined company including statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words or phrases such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “trend,” “objective,” “continue,” “remain” or similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “might,” “can,” “may” or similar expressions. There are a number of important factors that could cause future results to differ materially from historical performance and these forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to: (1) general economic conditions and weakening in the economy, specifically the real estate market, either national or in the states in which Fifth Third, one or more acquired entities and/or the combined company do business, are less favorable than expected; (2) deteriorating credit quality; (3) political developments, wars or other hostilities may disrupt or increase volatility in securities markets or other economic conditions; (4) changes in the interest rate environment reduce interest margins; (5) prepayment speeds, loan origination and sale volumes, charge-offs and loan loss provisions; (6) Fifth Third’s ability to maintain required capital levels and adequate sources of funding and liquidity; (7) changes and trends in capital markets; (8) competitive pressures among depository institutions increase significantly; (9) effects of critical accounting policies and judgments; (10) changes in accounting policies or procedures as may be required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) or other regulatory agencies; (11) legislative or regulatory changes or actions, or significant litigation, adversely affect Fifth Third, one or more acquired entities and/or the combined company or the businesses in which Fifth Third, one or more acquired entities and/or the combined company are engaged; (12) ability to maintain favorable ratings from rating agencies; (13) fluctuation of Fifth Third’s stock price; (14) ability to attract and retain key personnel; (15) ability to receive dividends from its subsidiaries; (16) potentially dilutive effect of future acquisitions on current shareholders’ ownership of Fifth Third; (17) effects of accounting or financial results of one or more acquired entities; (18) difficulties in combining the operations of acquired entities; (19) inability to generate the gains on sale and related increase in shareholders’ equity that it anticipates from the sale of certain non-core businesses, (20) loss of income from the sale of certain non-core businesses could have an adverse effect on Fifth Third’s earnings and future growth (21) ability to secure confidential information through the use of computer systems and telecommunications networks; and (22) the impact of reputational risk created by these developments on such matters as business generation and retention, funding and liquidity. Additional information concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements is available in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Copies of this filing are available at no cost on the SEC’s Web site at www.sec.gov or on Fifth Third’s web site at www.53.com. Fifth Third undertakes no obligation to release revisions to these forward-looking statements or reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report.

 

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Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Item 2)

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of certain significant factors that have affected Fifth Third Bancorp’s (“Bancorp” or “Fifth Third”) financial condition and results of operations during the periods included in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which are a part of this filing. Reference to the Bancorp incorporates the parent holding company and all consolidated subsidiaries.

TABLE 1: Selected Financial Data

 

     For the three months
ended June 30,
   Percent
Change
    For the six months
ended June 30,
   Percent
Change
 
($ in millions, except per share data)    2008     2007      2008     2007   

Income Statement Data

              

Net interest income (a)

   $ 744     745    —       $ 1,570     1,487    6  

Noninterest income

     722     669    8       1,587     1,277    24  

Total revenue (a)

     1,466     1,414    4       3,157     2,764    14  

Provision for loan and lease losses

     719     121    492       1,263     205    515  

Noninterest expense

     858     765    12       1,576     1,517    4  

Net income (loss)

     (202 )   376    NM       84     735    (89 )

Common Share Data

              

Earnings (loss) per share, basic

   $ (.37 )   .69    NM     $ .16     1.35    (88 )

Earnings (loss) per share, diluted

     (.37 )   .69    NM       .16     1.34    (88 )

Cash dividends per common share

     .15     .42    (64 )     .59     .84    (30 )

Book value per share

     16.75     17.14    (2 )       

Dividend payout ratio

     NM     59.7    NM       380.0 %   62.0    513  

Financial Ratios

              

Return on average assets

     (.73 )%   1.49    NM       .15 %   1.48    (90 )

Return on average equity

     (8.4 )   15.7    NM       1.8     15.1    (88 )

Average equity as a percent of average assets

     8.59     9.53    (10 )     8.51     9.78    (13 )

Tangible equity

     6.37     7.18    (11 )       

Tangible common equity

     5.40     7.17    (25 )       

Net interest margin (a)

     3.04     3.37    (10 )     3.22     3.40    (5 )

Efficiency (a)

     58.6     54.1    8       49.9     54.9    (9 )

Credit Quality

              

Net losses charged off

   $ 344     102    237     $ 620     173    258  

Net losses charged off as a percent of average loans and leases

     1.66 %   .55    202       1.52 %   .47    223  

Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percent of loans and leases

     1.85     1.06    75         

Allowance for credit losses as a percent of loans and leases (b)

     1.98     1.16    71         

Nonperforming assets as a percent of loans, leases and other assets, including other real estate owned

     2.56     .70    266         

Average Balances

              

Loans and leases, including held for sale

   $ 85,212     77,048    11     $ 85,062     76,457    11  

Total securities and other short-term investments

     13,363     11,741    14       12,980     11,726    11  

Total assets

     112,098     100,767    11       111,694     99,984    12  

Transaction deposits (c)

     53,763     50,932    6       53,610     50,520    6  

Core deposits (d)

     63,280     61,712    3       63,811     61,428    4  

Wholesale funding (e)

     35,160     25,393    38       34,189     24,796    38  

Shareholders’ equity

     9,629     9,599    —         9,504     9,783    (3 )

Regulatory Capital Ratios

              

Tier I capital

     8.51 %   8.13    5         

Total risk-based capital

     12.15     10.54    15         

Tier I leverage

     9.08     8.76    4         

 

(a) Amounts presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis. The taxable equivalent adjustments for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 are $6 million and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 are $11 million and $12 million, respectively.
(b) The allowance for credit losses is the sum of the allowance for loan and lease losses and the reserve for unfunded commitments.
(c) Includes demand, interest checking, savings, money market and foreign office deposits.
(d) Includes transaction deposits plus other time deposits.
(e) Includes certificates $100,000 and over, other foreign office deposits, federal funds purchased, short-term borrowings and long-term debt.
NM Not meaningful

 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

 

OVERVIEW

This overview of management’s discussion and analysis highlights selected information in the financial results of the Bancorp and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. For a more complete understanding of trends, events, commitments, uncertainties, liquidity, capital resources and critical accounting policies and estimates, you should carefully read this entire document. Each of these items could have an impact on the Bancorp’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The Bancorp is a diversified financial services company headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio. At June 30, 2008, the Bancorp had $115.0 billion in assets, operated 18 affiliates with 1,308 full-service Banking Centers including 97 Bank Mart® locations open seven days a week inside select grocery stores and 2,329 Jeanie® ATMs in the Midwestern and Southeastern regions of the United States. The Bancorp reports on five business segments: Commercial Banking, Branch Banking, Consumer Lending, Fifth Third Processing Solutions (“FTPS”) and Investment Advisors.

The Bancorp believes that banking is first and foremost a relationship business where the strength of the competition and challenges for growth can vary in every market. Its affiliate operating model provides a competitive advantage by keeping the decisions close to the customer and by emphasizing individual relationships. Through its affiliate operating model, individual managers from the banking center to the executive level are given the opportunity to tailor financial solutions for their customers.

The Bancorp’s revenues are fairly evenly dependent on net interest income and noninterest income. For the three months ended June 30, 2008, net interest income, on a fully taxable equivalent (“FTE”) basis, and noninterest income provided 51% and 49% of total revenue, respectively. Therefore, changes in interest rates, credit quality, economic trends and the capital markets are primary factors that drive the performance of the Bancorp. As discussed later in the Risk Management section, risk identification, measurement, monitoring, control and reporting are important to the management of risk and to the financial performance and capital strength of the Bancorp.

Net interest income is the difference between interest income earned on assets such as loans, leases and securities, and interest expense incurred on liabilities such as deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Net interest income is affected by the general level of interest rates, the relative level of short-term and long-term interest rates, changes in interest rates and changes in the amount and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Generally, the rates of interest the Bancorp earns on its assets and pays on its liabilities are established for a period of time. The change in market interest rates over time exposes the Bancorp to interest rate risk through potential adverse changes to net interest income and financial position. The Bancorp manages this risk by continually analyzing and adjusting the composition of its assets and liabilities based on their payment streams and interest rates, the timing of their maturities and their sensitivity to changes in market interest rates. Additionally, in the ordinary course of business, the Bancorp enters into certain derivative transactions as part of its overall strategy to manage its interest rate and prepayment risks. The Bancorp is also exposed to the risk of losses on its loan and lease portfolio as a result of changing expected cash flows caused by loan defaults and inadequate collateral due to a weakening economy within the Bancorp’s footprint.

Net interest income, net interest margin, net interest rate spread and the efficiency ratio are presented in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations on an FTE basis. The FTE basis adjusts for the tax-favored status of income from certain loans and securities held by the Bancorp that are not taxable for federal income tax purposes. The Bancorp believes this presentation to be the preferred industry measurement of net interest income as it provides a relevant comparison between taxable and non-taxable amounts.

Noninterest income is derived primarily from electronic funds transfer (“EFT”) and merchant transaction processing fees, card interchange, fiduciary and investment management fees, corporate banking revenue, service charges on deposits and mortgage banking revenue. Noninterest expense is primarily driven by personnel costs and occupancy expenses, in addition to expenses incurred in the processing of credit and debit card transactions for its customers and merchant and financial institution clients.

On May 2, 2008, the Bancorp completed its acquisition of nine branches located in Atlanta from First Horizon National Corporation (“First Horizon”). On June 6, 2008, the Bancorp completed its acquisition of First Charter Corporation (“First Charter”), a regional financial services company with assets of $4.8 billion and that operates 57 branches in North Carolina and 2 in suburban Atlanta, paying $31.00 per First Charter share, or approximately $1.1 billion.

Earnings Summary

The Bancorp’s net loss was $202 million in the second quarter of 2008, compared to net income of $376 million for the same period last year. Second quarter 2008 results reflected the $229 million after-tax impact of charges relating to leveraged leases, which consisted of approximately $130 million pre-tax, reflected as a reduction in interest income, and an increase of approximately $140 million in tax expense required for interest. The leveraged lease charges were deemed necessary due to recent court decisions related to leveraged leases and uncertainty regarding the outcome of outstanding litigation involving certain of the Bancorp’s leveraged leases. Current quarter results also reflect an increase in the provision for loan and lease losses due to the continuing deterioration in credit quality and collateral values within the Bancorp’s footprint, particularly in Michigan and Florida.

 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

 

Net interest income (FTE) was flat compared to the same period last year, at $744 million versus $745 million. Net interest margin was 3.04% in the second quarter of 2008, a decrease of 33 basis points (“bp”) from the second quarter of 2007. Net interest income was impacted by the previously mentioned $130 million charge related to certain leveraged lease transactions, which corresponded to a 53 bp impact on net interest margin. Additionally, net interest income for the current quarter benefited from $31 million in accretion due to fair value purchase accounting adjustments related to the First Charter acquisition, which corresponded to a 13 bp impact on net interest margin. Net interest margin was also impacted by lower funding costs and an 11% increase in average loans and leases.

Noninterest income increased eight percent, from $669 million to $722 million, over the same quarter last year. The increase from a year ago was due to double-digit growth in electronic payment processing revenue, deposit service charges, corporate banking revenue and mortgage banking revenue. Electronic payment processing revenue increased due to growth in each of its product lines: merchant, financial institutions and card issuer interchange. The increase in deposit service charges can be attributed to a decrease in earnings credits on commercial deposits and an increase in deposit fees from higher customer activity for consumer deposits. Growth in corporate banking revenue was broad-based in comparison to the prior year quarter. Mortgage banking revenue increased compared to the prior year quarter due to growth in originations, higher sale margins and the impact of the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities - Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115” (“SFAS No. 159”) on residential mortgage loans held for sale.

Noninterest expense increased 12% compared to the second quarter of 2007. Noninterest expense in the second quarter of 2008 included acquisition-related expenses totaling $13 million resulting from the First Charter acquisition and First Horizon branch acquisition during the quarter. The increase in noninterest expense can also be attributed to approximately $17 million in mortgage origination costs related to the adoption of SFAS No. 159 that were historically recorded in mortgage banking net revenue. Noninterest expense also grew due to increases in volume-related processing expense, incentive compensation, branch expansion related expenses as well as investments in technology.

The Bancorp maintains a conservative approach to both lending and investing activities as it does not originate subprime loans, nor does it hold asset-backed securities backed by subprime loans in its securities portfolio. However, the Bancorp has exposure to the housing markets, which continued to weaken considerably during the second quarter of 2008, particularly in the upper Midwest and Florida. Consequently, the provision for loan and lease losses increased to $719 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $121 million during the second quarter of 2007. In addition, net charge-offs as a percent of average loans and leases were 1.66% in the second quarter of 2008 compared to .55% in the second quarter of 2007. At June 30, 2008, nonperforming assets as a percent of loans, leases and other assets, including other real estate owned increased to 2.56% from .70% at June 30, 2007. Refer to the Credit Risk Management section in Management’s Discussion and Analysis for more information on credit quality.

The Bancorp’s capital ratios exceed the “well-capitalized” guidelines as defined by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”). As of June 30, 2008, the Tier I capital ratio was 8.51%, the Tier I leverage ratio was 9.08% and the total risk-based capital ratio was 12.15%. These capital ratios were strengthened in the second quarter of 2008 as a result of the Bancorp’s issuance of capital totaling approximately $1.1 billion in the form of convertible preferred stock. The Bancorp had senior debt ratings of “Aa3” from Moody’s, “A+” from Standard & Poor’s, “A+” from Fitch Ratings and “AAL” from DBRS Ltd. at June 30, 2008, which indicate the Bancorp’s strong capacity to meet financial commitments. The “well-capitalized” capital ratios along with strong credit ratings provide the Bancorp with access to the capital markets.

The Bancorp continues to invest in the geographic areas that offer the best growth prospects through acquisitions and de novo expansion, while at the same time meeting the banking needs of our existing communities through a well-distributed banking center network. During the second quarter of 2008, the Bancorp opened 76 additional banking centers including banking centers from acquisitions. New banking centers in the remainder of 2008 will mostly be in high growth markets such as Florida, Chicago, Tennessee, Georgia and North Carolina.

RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Note 2 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements provides a discussion of the significant new accounting standards adopted by the Bancorp during 2008 and 2007 and the expected impact of significant accounting standards issued but not yet required to be adopted.

 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Certain accounting polices require management to exercise judgment in determining methodologies, economic assumptions and estimates that may materially affect the value of the Bancorp’s assets or liabilities and results of operations and cash flows. The Bancorp has five critical accounting policies, which include the accounting for allowance for loan and lease losses, reserve for unfunded commitments, income taxes, valuation of servicing rights and fair value measurements.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The Bancorp maintains an allowance to absorb probable loan and lease losses inherent in the portfolio. The allowance is maintained at a level the Bancorp considers to be adequate and is based on ongoing quarterly assessments and evaluations of the collectibility and historical loss experience of loans and leases. Credit losses are charged and recoveries are credited to the allowance. Provisions for loan and lease losses are based on the Bancorp’s review of the historical credit loss experience and such factors that, in management’s judgment, deserve consideration under existing economic conditions in estimating probable credit losses. In determining the appropriate level of the allowance, the Bancorp estimates losses using a range derived from “base” and “conservative” estimates. The Bancorp’s strategy for credit risk management includes a combination of conservative exposure limits significantly below legal lending limits and conservative underwriting, documentation and collections standards. The strategy also emphasizes diversification on a geographic, industry and customer level, regular credit examinations and quarterly management reviews of large credit exposures and loans experiencing deterioration of credit quality.

Larger commercial loans that exhibit probable or observed credit weakness are subject to individual review. When individual loans are impaired, allowances are allocated based on management’s estimate of the borrower’s ability to repay the loan given the availability of collateral and other sources of cash flow, as well as an evaluation of legal options available to the Bancorp. The review of individual loans includes those loans that are impaired as provided in SFAS No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan.” Any allowances for impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the underlying collateral. The Bancorp evaluates the collectibility of both principal and interest when assessing the need for a loss accrual. Historical loss rates are applied to commercial loans which are not impaired and thus not subject to specific allowance allocations. The loss rates are derived from a migration analysis, which tracks the historical net charge-off experience sustained on loans according to their internal risk grade. The risk grading system currently utilized for allowance analysis purposes encompasses ten categories.

Homogenous loans and leases, such as consumer installment and residential mortgage, are not individually risk graded. Rather, standard credit scoring systems and delinquency monitoring are used to assess credit risks. Allowances are established for each pool of loans based on the expected net charge-offs. Loss rates are based on the average net charge-off history by loan category. Historical loss rates for commercial and consumer loans may be adjusted for significant factors that, in management’s judgment, are necessary to reflect losses inherent in the portfolio. Factors that management considers in the analysis include the effects of the national and local economies; trends in the nature and volume of delinquencies, charge-offs and nonaccrual loans; changes in mix; credit score migration comparisons; asset quality trends; risk management and loan administration; changes in the internal lending policies and credit standards; collection practices; and examination results from bank regulatory agencies and the Bancorp’s internal credit examiners.

The Bancorp’s current methodology for determining the allowance for loan and lease losses is based on historical loss rates, current credit grades, specific allocation on impaired commercial credits and other qualitative adjustments. Allowances on individual loans and historical loss rates are reviewed quarterly and adjusted as necessary based on changing borrower and/or collateral conditions and actual collection and charge-off experience. An unallocated allowance is maintained to recognize the imprecision in estimating and measuring loss when evaluating allowances for individual loans or pools of loans.

Loans acquired by the Bancorp through a purchase business combination are evaluated for credit impairment at acquisition. Reductions to the carrying value of the acquired loans as a result of credit impairment are recorded as an adjustment to goodwill. The Bancorp does not carry over the acquired company’s allowance for loan and lease losses, nor does the Bancorp add to its existing allowance for the acquired loans as part of purchase accounting.

The Bancorp’s determination of the allowance for commercial loans is sensitive to the risk grade it assigns to these loans. In the event that 10% of commercial loans in each risk category would experience a downgrade of one risk category, the allowance for commercial loans would increase by approximately $108 million at June 30, 2008. The Bancorp’s determination of the allowance for residential and retail loans is sensitive to changes in estimated loss rates. In the event that estimated loss rates would increase by 10%, the allowance for residential and consumer loans would increase by approximately $61 million at June 30, 2008. As several quantitative and qualitative factors are considered in determining the allowance for loan and lease losses, these sensitivity analyses do not necessarily reflect the nature and extent of future changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses. They are intended to provide insights into the impact of adverse changes in risk grades and estimated loss rates and do not imply any expectation of future deterioration in the risk ratings or loss rates. Given current processes employed by the Bancorp, management believes the risk grades and estimated loss rates currently assigned are appropriate.

 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

 

The Bancorp’s primary market areas for lending are the Midwestern and Southeastern regions of the United States. When evaluating the adequacy of allowances, consideration is given to these regional geographic concentrations and the closely associated effect changing economic conditions have on the Bancorp’s customers.

In the current year, the Bancorp has not substantively changed any material aspect of its overall approach to determining its allowance for loan and lease losses. There have been no material changes in criteria or estimation techniques as compared to prior periods that impacted the determination of the current period allowance for loan and lease losses.

Reserve for Unfunded Commitments

The reserve for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb estimated probable losses related to unfunded credit facilities. The determination of the adequacy of the reserve is based upon an evaluation of the unfunded credit facilities, including an assessment of historical commitment utilization experience, credit risk grading and credit grade migration. Net adjustments to the reserve for unfunded commitments are included in other noninterest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Income Taxes

The Bancorp estimates income tax expense based on amounts expected to be owed to the various tax jurisdictions in which the Bancorp conducts business. On a quarterly basis, management assesses the reasonableness of its effective tax rate based upon its current estimate of the amount and components of net income, tax credits and the applicable statutory tax rates expected for the full year. The estimated income tax expense is recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined using the balance sheet method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities and recognizes enacted changes in tax rates and laws. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent they exist and are subject to a valuation allowance based on management’s judgment that realization is more-likely-than-not. Deferred taxes are reported in accrued taxes, interest and expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Accrued taxes represent the net estimated amount due to taxing jurisdictions and are reported in accrued taxes, interest and expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Bancorp evaluates and assesses the relative risks and appropriate tax treatment of transactions and filing positions after considering statutes, regulations, judicial precedent and other information and maintains tax accruals consistent with its evaluation of these relative risks and merits. Changes to the estimate of accrued taxes occur periodically due to changes in tax rates, interpretations of tax laws, the status of examinations being conducted by taxing authorities and changes to statutory, judicial and regulatory guidance that impact the relative risks of tax positions. These changes, when they occur, can affect deferred taxes and accrued taxes as well as the current period’s income tax expense and can be significant to the operating results of the Bancorp. As described in greater detail in Note 9 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) is currently challenging the Bancorp’s tax treatment of certain leasing transactions. For additional information on income taxes, see Note 11 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Valuation of Servicing Rights

When the Bancorp sells loans through either securitizations or individual loan sales in accordance with its investment policies, it often obtains servicing rights. Servicing rights resulting from loan sales are initially recorded at fair value and subsequently amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing income. Servicing rights are assessed for impairment monthly, based on fair value, with temporary impairment recognized through a valuation allowance and permanent impairment recognized through a write-off of the servicing asset and related valuation allowance. Key economic assumptions used in measuring any potential impairment of the servicing rights include the prepayment speeds of the underlying loans, the weighted-average life, the discount rate, the weighted-average coupon and the weighted-average default rate, as applicable. The primary risk of material changes to the value of the servicing rights resides in the potential volatility in the economic assumptions used, particularly the prepayment speeds.

The Bancorp monitors risk and adjusts its valuation allowance as necessary to adequately reserve for any probable impairment in the servicing portfolio. For purposes of measuring impairment, the servicing rights are stratified into classes based on the financial asset type and interest rates. Fees received for servicing loans owned by investors are based on a percentage of the outstanding monthly principal balance of such loans and are included in noninterest income as loan payments are received. Costs of servicing loans are charged to expense as incurred.

The change in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) at June 30, 2008 due to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in the current prepayment assumption would be approximately $30 million and $57 million, respectively, and due to immediate 10% and 20% favorable changes in the current prepayment assumption would be approximately $33 million and $68 million, respectively.

 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

 

The change in the fair value of the MSR portfolio at June 30, 2008 due to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in the discount rate assumption would be approximately $27 million and $52 million, respectively, and due to immediate 10% and 20% favorable changes in the discount rate assumption would be approximately $29 million and $61 million, respectively. The sensitivity analysis related to other consumer and commercial servicing rights is not material to the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. As the figures indicate, changes in fair value based on a 10% and 20% variation in assumptions typically cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, the effect of variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the interests that continue to be held by the transferor is calculated without changing any other assumption; in reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities. Additionally, the effect of the Bancorp’s non-qualifying hedging strategy, which is maintained to lessen the impact of changes in value of the MSR portfolio, is excluded from the above analysis.

Fair Value Measurements

Effective January 1, 2008, the Bancorp adopted SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”, which provides a framework for measuring fair value under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. SFAS No. 157 addresses the valuation techniques used to measure fair value. These valuation techniques include the market approach, income approach and cost approach. The market approach uses prices or relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach involves converting future amounts to a single present amount. The measurement is valued based on current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of the asset.

SFAS No. 157 establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the instrument’s fair value measurement. The three levels within the fair value hierarchy are described as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Bancorp has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include: quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability for which there is little, if any, market activity at the measurement date. Unobservable inputs reflect the Bancorp’s own assumptions about what market participants would use to price the asset or liability. The inputs are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances, which might include the Bancorp’s own financial data such as internally developed pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as instruments for which the fair value determination requires significant management judgment.

The Bancorp measures financial assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 157. These measurements involve various valuation techniques and models, which involve inputs that are observable, when available, and include the following significant financial instruments: available-for-sale securities, residential mortgage loans held for sale and certain derivatives. The following is a summary of valuation techniques utilized by the Bancorp for its significant financial assets and liabilities.

Available-for-sale securities

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows and classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. A significant portion of the Bancorp’s available-for-sale securities are agency mortgage-backed securities that are fair valued using a market approach and the Bancorp has determined them to be Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

 

Residential mortgage loans held for sale

For residential mortgage loans held for sale, fair value is estimated based upon mortgage backed securities prices and spreads to those prices or, for certain assets, discounted cash flow models that may incorporate the anticipated portfolio composition, credit spreads of asset-backed securities with similar collateral, and market conditions. Residential mortgage loans held for sale are fair valued using a market approach and the Bancorp has determined them to be Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Derivatives

Exchange-traded derivatives valued using quoted prices are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. However, few classes of derivative contracts are listed on an exchange. Derivative positions that are valued utilizing models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Derivatives that are valued based upon models with significant unobservable market parameters are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. A majority of the derivatives are fair valued using an income approach and the Bancorp has determined them to be Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Other significant areas include purchase price allocations and the analysis of potential impairment of goodwill. No material changes have been made during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 to the valuation techniques or models described previously.

Valuation techniques and models utilized for measuring financial assets and liabilities are reviewed and validated by the Bancorp on a quarterly basis. Additionally, the Bancorp monitors the fair values of significant assets and liabilities using a variety of methods including the evaluation of pricing runs and exception reports based on certain analytical criteria, comparison to previous trades, and overall review and assessments for reasonableness.

 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

 

STATEMENTS OF INCOME ANALYSIS

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is the interest earned on debt securities, loans and leases (including yield-related fees) and other interest-earning assets less the interest paid for core deposits (includes transaction deposits and other time deposits) and wholesale funding (includes certificates $100,000 and over, other foreign office deposits, federal funds purchased, short-term borrowings and long-term debt). The net interest margin is calculated by dividing net interest income by average interest-earning assets. Net interest spread is the difference between the average rate earned on interest-earning assets and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin is typically greater than net interest rate spread due to the interest income earned on those assets that are funded by non-interest-bearing liabilities, or free funding, such as demand deposits or shareholders’ equity.

Net interest income (FTE) was $744 million for the second quarter of 2008, compared to the $745 million earned in the second quarter of 2007 and decreased $82 million from the first quarter of 2008. Net interest income was affected by the recalculation of cash flows on certain leveraged leases that reduced interest income on commercial leases by approximately $130 million. In addition, amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts on acquired loans increased interest income by $35 million compared to an increase of $5 million in the first quarter of 2008 and a decrease of $1 million for the second quarter of 2007. Exclusive of the items above, net interest income increased $93 million compared to the second quarter of 2007 and $18 million compared to the first quarter of 2008. The increase from the second quarter of 2007 resulted from an 11% increase in average loan and lease balances combined with a 42 bp increase in net interest spread. The sequential increase in net interest income was related to a 12 bp increase in net interest rate spread primarily caused by increased credit spreads on loans and leases that allowed interest-bearing liabilities to reprice further than interest-bearing assets during the declining rate environment.

Net interest margin decreased to 3.04% in the second quarter of 2008, compared to 3.41% in the first quarter of 2008 and 3.37% in the second quarter of 2007, and was affected by the recalculation of cash flows on certain leveraged leases, a 53 bp decrease, and amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts on acquired loans, a 13 bp increase. On a year-over-year basis, the decrease in the Bancorp’s net free funding position was more than offset by a 42 bp increase in net interest rate spread. Sequentially, a full quarter effect of the decreases in funding rates during the first quarter of 2008 offset the increased reliance on wholesale funding.

Total average interest-earning assets increased modestly on a sequential basis and 11% from the second quarter of 2007. On a year-over-year basis, average total commercial loans increased 21% and the investment portfolio increased 14% while consumer loans modestly declined. The increase in total commercial loans was concentrated in commercial and industrial loans, which increased 32%, primarily due to strong loan production and the origination for portf